Well, technically the rear ballast counters the weight of both the load AND the loader. But - since the loader mounting points move the fulcrum to the middle of the tractor - it's not a pound for pound ratio. And this will change between/among tractor-loader combinations. My own tractor and loader manuals deal extensively with ballast. So for what it's worth, I think those with questions about ballast should start with their own manufacturer recommendations.
//greg//
My understanding is the goal is to counter the center of gravity(CG) shift. As the weight on the FEL increases, the CG moves toward the front wheels. This increases wear on the front axle and steering effort, while the lack of weight on the rear causes traction loss. Roughly equal weight to the load would help center the CG (if distance is the same to the FEL and to the weight box).
More weight could help steering effort and rear wheel traction, but the manufacturer limits prevent excess stress on other tractor parts (like the frame). Excess weight in the box could reduce steering control.