Thanks!
However, it appears there actually is an adjustment bolt, but it's not inside the belt-and-pulley housing where I'd been looking.
Messick diagram #002 (FRAME AND RELATED PARTS) shows a horizontal bolt (#2 in the diagram, part ME0000094. The head of this bolt rests against the drive shaft housing.
Diagram #006 (GEARBOX) shows a vertical screw (#33 in that diagram).
It looks like I can loosen that vertical screw to free the drive shaft housing, labeled "EXTENSION" (#32 in the latter diagram), to travel toward the front or rear of the deck.
Then the horizontal bolt can be loosened or tightened to make the Extension move toward the front or rear of the deck.
This will move the upper pulley toward the lower pulley (to loosen the belts) or away from the lower pulley (to tighten the belts).
That's what it looks like to me, anyway.
Can anyone confirm that this is the procedure?