IIRC you remove the clamp bolt that tightens down on the exterior shaft , then the drive cable should slide out of the centrifugal clutch housing . unless mine is different or i am not remembering correctly- the drive cable should slide out of the clutch unit if pulled on...leaving only the electrical connection (on/off) and throttle control.
If the engine can be started and revved up (it won't have the flywheel effect of the driveshaft/ trimmer head) and will accelerate much quicker, you can be fairly sure that the grease and other lube is to viscous causing to much load and keeping the engine from reaching full rpm, if it cannot be revved up then there must be some problem with the engine itself but it will eliminate the driven part of the trimmer.
if ours had not acted identically to the symptoms you described i wouldn't have you test the engine with the drive disconnected