There's not any easy way, I'm afraid. It's very unlikely that you'd be able to hear it in a high-noise, relatively low boost application like a tractor. So that's not much of an indication. Also, be aware that most turbos don't work very well at low engine rpms, so if you aren't running it up around PTO rpm, it's not going to be doing much good, anyway.
There's usually a tap (plug) in the intake manifold for a boost pressure gauge, which is made to do just what you want, but it's something you'd have to take it to a dealer for, or buy the gauge, of course. If you decide to do this, make sure you wire-brush around the plug and wipe it off well before removing it - you don't want any rust flakes or dirt being sucked into the cylinders.
If the turbo isn't mounted directly to the exhaust manifold, sometimes there's a pipe there that you can take out. If you could do that and did, there will be a marked decrease in the power if the turbo was working before you removed its power source (the exhaust). That's more trouble than it's worth but if you decided you wanted to know that bad, be careful not to get any more of the flakes and stuff from the pipe in the turbo than you have to. And you definitely don't want to take the intake side off, unless the turbo needs rebuilding, without being extremely careful to keep everything very clean.
Mark