Marrt:
I certainly don't claim to be an engineer, but I have some experience handling and mishandling batteries. One source I recall said that charging a lead acid battery to 13.8 volts was overcharge, and below 10.1 was deep discharge, either of which could damage the battery. That is referring to testing the battery by itself after charging or discharging. When you put the meter on the battery with engine running, you measure the voltage that the regulator is allowing the system to apply to the battery. Typically, it is at least 13 volts, and often over 14 depending on the type of regulator. Anything below 13 probably means the charging system isn't working. If it is way above 13, say 17, then the regulator isn't working right. I think Terry's point is that the charging system can't deliver much amperage in any event, so it couldn't deliver enough to damage or boil the battery even if the voltage weren't regulated as low as it should be.
I'd bet you're looking at caps that aren't sealing properly in rough running, or perhaps heat, rather than any overcharge, but I've often guessed wrong about things electrical.
Keep us posted.