AC and DC in same trench?

   / AC and DC in same trench? #11  
The amount of EM radiation coming off a cable has nothing to do with length of the run.

Uhmm, I'm not an EE, but that is just flat wrong relative to the question of how much EM is being transferred from the primary to the secondary. Think of it as a transformer laid flat instead of coiled.

The OP makes it sound like the solar run is DC, so that high voltage isn't going to affect the 110v.

And if you use metal conduit, there is the issue of capacitance which is way above my pay grade. So Joshuabardwell has the best suggestion of all.
 
   / AC and DC in same trench? #12  
I thought about that too, though I don't think it is common to bury metal conduit. Most people that I know use some sort of plastic.
 
   / AC and DC in same trench? #14  
There are two things to consider.
1.) The EM radiation decreases with cube of distance. In other words even few inches of separation make big difference.
2.) The common direct burial cable is twisted. The twist cancels out crosstalk to large degree to parallel conductors.

Therefore I think that to put 600 V DC and 110 AC in the same trench but in separate conduits is perfectly OK.
I am guessing that you will be using plastic conduit.
FYI As long as metal conduit contacts ground it doesn't work as signal shield. Shield works only if it is impossible to pass current through it. In other words it has to be isolated and then connected only on one end to common potential. Think about (in example) lightning strike causing current flow through the conduit. The EM will effect whatever is in the conduit. In example it could cause voltage spike in 110 VAC.
 
   / AC and DC in same trench? #15  
There are two things to consider.
1.) The EM radiation decreases with cube of distance. In other words even few inches of separation make big difference.
2.) The common direct burial cable is twisted. The twist cancels out crosstalk to large degree to parallel conductors.

1) is especially true given near-field vs. far-field effects. With regard to RF emission, when a non-emitting conductor is in the near-field of an emitting conductor, the non-emitting conductor has current induced in it and re-radiates as if it was a conductor itself. When the non-emitting conductor is in the far-field of an emitting conductor, the non-emitting conductor will still have current induced in it (this is how antennas are able to receive RF transmissions) but it will not re-radiate to a significant degree.

The exact size of the near-field and far-field depends on a number of factors. At 60 Hz, the wavelength is about 16 feet. Assuming your run of cable is at least 8 feet (1/2 wavelength), then the near field is equal to D^2 / 8, where D is the length of the cable. As you can see, the near field gets longer as the cable gets longer, which is why the potential for re-radiation (and induction of EMF) is so high with longer cables. On the other hand, once the cable is past a reasonably short length, you are basically guaranteed that any other cable in the same trench is going to be in the near field, so in a way, this makes the problem simpler, since moving the cable out of the near field is out of the question.

Basically, shielding the cable becomes your only option. But since we are talking about raw DC power lines and not sensitive, high-frequency/low-voltage data lines, the real answer, in my humble opinion, is to have the equipment on the line be sufficiently protected that the EMF doesn't affect it. It won't take much to filter out the induced current from an adjacent AC line, and I think it's likely that your DC power equipment is already doing this. But that's not my area of expertise, and it's just speculation.

Regarding point 2) yes, the twisted cable gives the ability for the equipment at the end of the cable to cancel out interference and cross-talk, but as far as I know, that requires that circuitry in the equipment at either end perform certain signaling techniques, such as common-mode rejection or differential signaling. I'm not aware of any standard AC equipment that does this. As far as I know, these techniques are exclusive to data transmission.

EDIT TO ADD: BTW, the near field of long cables is very large, but the inverse square law still applies. In short, the RF signal gets weaker proportional to the square of the distance. So at a sufficient distance, the re-radiated power is negligibly weak even though the receiving conductor is technically within the near-field of the transmitting conductor.

EDITED TO ALSO ADD: This conversation is what you get when you ask an RF engineer to talk about electrical wiring. There is some overlap there, but ultimately, if an electrician disagrees with me, you should do what he says. But if an electrician disagrees with me as to how to wire up a radio antenna, then listen to me.
 
   / AC and DC in same trench? #16  
1) is especially true given near-field vs. far-field effects. With regard to RF emission, when a non-emitting conductor is in the near-field of an emitting conductor, the non-emitting conductor has current induced in it and re-radiates as if it was a conductor itself. When the non-emitting conductor is in the far-field of an emitting conductor, the non-emitting conductor will still have current induced in it (this is how antennas are able to receive RF transmissions) but it will not re-radiate to a significant degree.

The exact size of the near-field and far-field depends on a number of factors. At 60 Hz, the wavelength is about 16 feet. Assuming your run of cable is at least 8 feet (1/2 wavelength), then the near field is equal to D^2 / 8, where D is the length of the cable. As you can see, the near field gets longer as the cable gets longer, which is why the potential for re-radiation (and induction of EMF) is so high with longer cables. On the other hand, once the cable is past a reasonably short length, you are basically guaranteed that any other cable in the same trench is going to be in the near field, so in a way, this makes the problem simpler, since moving the cable out of the near field is out of the question.

Basically, shielding the cable becomes your only option. But since we are talking about raw DC power lines and not sensitive, high-frequency/low-voltage data lines, the real answer, in my humble opinion, is to have the equipment on the line be sufficiently protected that the EMF doesn't affect it. It won't take much to filter out the induced current from an adjacent AC line, and I think it's likely that your DC power equipment is already doing this. But that's not my area of expertise, and it's just speculation.

Regarding point 2) yes, the twisted cable gives the ability for the equipment at the end of the cable to cancel out interference and cross-talk, but as far as I know, that requires that circuitry in the equipment at either end perform certain signaling techniques, such as common-mode rejection or differential signaling. I'm not aware of any standard AC equipment that does this. As far as I know, these techniques are exclusive to data transmission.

EDIT TO ADD: BTW, the near field of long cables is very large, but the inverse square law still applies. In short, the RF signal gets weaker proportional to the square of the distance. So at a sufficient distance, the re-radiated power is negligibly weak even though the receiving conductor is technically within the near-field of the transmitting conductor.

EDITED TO ALSO ADD: This conversation is what you get when you ask an RF engineer to talk about electrical wiring. There is some overlap there, but ultimately, if an electrician disagrees with me, you should do what he says. But if an electrician disagrees with me as to how to wire up a radio antenna, then listen to me.

Thanks for depth of your explanation. I am working in process control/instrumentation field. I know how to troubleshoot and deal with interference but not necessarily why.
I think that you missed 3 zeros at the wave length at 60 Hz. It should be 16000 ft.
 
   / AC and DC in same trench? #17  
I was going to say that the wavelength = constant/frequency in Hz. so :
Lambda = 3x10^8 meters /60 so Lambda the wavelength is 5000000 meters or about 16404199.48 feet.. approximately as I used an approximation for the speed of light as 3x10^8 meters per second.. soooo the old wavelength of 60 hz is pretty long... 60 MEGAherts would be about 5 meters or about 16.4 feet.. but now we are talking about vhf TV channel 2 lower end here. not 60 hz.. which is darn close to DC in the big scheme of things.:)

James K0UA
 
   / AC and DC in same trench? #18  
The insulation on {all of the wire} should be rated 600 volts to be in the same ditch.

darg
 
   / AC and DC in same trench? #19  
Yes, I meant the recommendation to consult an electrician because they have the code books to look stuff (a technical term for us laymen) up.

I asked the same thing once, except it was copper tubing for propane parallel to 220v AC and they said "#@$$ no." An explanation followed, much like the above discussion. All I got out of it was, "don't put nutin in the same trench with electricity" especially copper pipe to the propane tank. Propane delivery man won't like it.
 
   / AC and DC in same trench? #20  
Irregardless of all the fine answers here, code requires you to have a disconnect at the solar array for the DC run. Because it's DC, these disconnects run around $1000 for a 5000 W array.... Does that answer your question?

You should have your inverter(s) at the array, and make your home run to the meter in 240V AC. The inverter(s) will have the DC switch built in, for your required cut off at the array.
 
 
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