Z-Michigan
Veteran Member
This thread slightly overlaps with my thread in the buying/comparing forum but is intended to take a different tack. We have a 20 acre horse farm in lower Michigan. We have 2 horses right now, and don't expect more than 4 at most; it is possible we might also have 1-2 steers and/or a llama at some point. We currently have 2 acres in pasture and 4 in hay, but we are planning to improve that to 4+ acres in pasture and 6+ in hay during the next year. The land is gently sloping and is generally well drained, although not right now with our mild and wet winter so far (3.6" of rain in the last 5 weeks!). The soil type is a sandy loam on the existing pastures and a straight loam on the proposed new pastures. The land was used as farmland until 1998 and has been a horse farm since 1999. There are a lot of rocks in the soil that sprout every spring (did I mention that the property has multiple rock piles from picking rocks over the years, with an estimated grand total of 150+ tons?).
I would like guidance on renovating the existing pastures and creating new ones. I'll separate it out:
Existing Pastures
There are two pastures of about 1 acre each, fenced in with electric rope. One pasture is only 15 feet from our barn (both hay storage and horse stalls) and has a run-in shed for the horses. The other pasture is farther from the barn and has no shed right now. The prior owners, who moved out in October 2006, had a total of 7 horses on the two pastures, which is too high a load for reasonable grazing. So the grass was very short when we moved in, with large bare patches. In addition, since horses like to be close to the fences, the dirt next to the fences is totally bare and is worn down almost a foot lower than the dirt level in the middle of the pasture and immediately outside the fence. On two sides of the pasture, this low area has become a drainage channel for our recent heavy rains. There is also a beaten down area in front of the run-in shed and by the gate to the barn area. Finally, the shed is sagging a bit in the center and probably needs some protection from runoff on the upslope side, and possibly some way of digging under its center post and propping it up to prevent further sagging.
I would like to do the following:
-Level the dirt so that the edges and beaten down areas are no longer lower than other areas. We may need to add soil or scrape soil from center area of pasture.
-Create a modest channel in the center of the pasture to hopefully serve as the runoff channel and avoid further runoff down the edges which are always going to be more stressed due to horse habits.
-Remove or spread out existing manure piles and hopefully get them incorporated into the soil.
-Reseed whole pasture with pasture grass and allow it to get well established.
-Protect the shed from further damage, and prop up its foundation if possible.
Ideally I would get all this done with nothing but the box blade, FEL, chain drag harrow, and mower on my soon to be purchased tractor. Not sure how realistic that is; wondering if I'll need a straight rear blade for the grading, and a tiller for preparing the soil. I can borrow a tiller if need be (my wife's uncle has one).
New Pastures
Our property has a 4.5 acre field of sparse weeds with a few clumps of bunchgrass. As far as we can tell there had been grass on the field but it was killed with chemicals (Roundup, etc.) in advance of planting something, and then nothing was ever planted. The soil seems fine and we are getting no benefit from the weeds, so our plan is to seed it with grass and use part of it for hay and part for pasture. No leveling or drainage work is needed, but we will need to put in fencing around 2 acres or so to be used as pasture. A farmer relative has told me that we need to kill the weeds with herbicide before putting down grass, which would require us contracting with a farmer (apparently the strength of herbicide that you would reasonably use for this requires a special license, which most farmers would have but most other people wouldn't). Here I think I'm looking for more general guidance, mostly on any alternative options for preparing for the planting bed instead of using herbicide. Will we get much benefit from having the land tilled, plowed or disked, or can we simply seed on top after a herbicide is applied?
As a tangent to all this, can someone explain the different effects on soil between a chain harrow (english harrow or "drag"), a disk (disk harrow), a cultivator (the kind with tines that dig into the soil, but they aren't plow-shaped), and a plow?
I would like guidance on renovating the existing pastures and creating new ones. I'll separate it out:
Existing Pastures
There are two pastures of about 1 acre each, fenced in with electric rope. One pasture is only 15 feet from our barn (both hay storage and horse stalls) and has a run-in shed for the horses. The other pasture is farther from the barn and has no shed right now. The prior owners, who moved out in October 2006, had a total of 7 horses on the two pastures, which is too high a load for reasonable grazing. So the grass was very short when we moved in, with large bare patches. In addition, since horses like to be close to the fences, the dirt next to the fences is totally bare and is worn down almost a foot lower than the dirt level in the middle of the pasture and immediately outside the fence. On two sides of the pasture, this low area has become a drainage channel for our recent heavy rains. There is also a beaten down area in front of the run-in shed and by the gate to the barn area. Finally, the shed is sagging a bit in the center and probably needs some protection from runoff on the upslope side, and possibly some way of digging under its center post and propping it up to prevent further sagging.
I would like to do the following:
-Level the dirt so that the edges and beaten down areas are no longer lower than other areas. We may need to add soil or scrape soil from center area of pasture.
-Create a modest channel in the center of the pasture to hopefully serve as the runoff channel and avoid further runoff down the edges which are always going to be more stressed due to horse habits.
-Remove or spread out existing manure piles and hopefully get them incorporated into the soil.
-Reseed whole pasture with pasture grass and allow it to get well established.
-Protect the shed from further damage, and prop up its foundation if possible.
Ideally I would get all this done with nothing but the box blade, FEL, chain drag harrow, and mower on my soon to be purchased tractor. Not sure how realistic that is; wondering if I'll need a straight rear blade for the grading, and a tiller for preparing the soil. I can borrow a tiller if need be (my wife's uncle has one).
New Pastures
Our property has a 4.5 acre field of sparse weeds with a few clumps of bunchgrass. As far as we can tell there had been grass on the field but it was killed with chemicals (Roundup, etc.) in advance of planting something, and then nothing was ever planted. The soil seems fine and we are getting no benefit from the weeds, so our plan is to seed it with grass and use part of it for hay and part for pasture. No leveling or drainage work is needed, but we will need to put in fencing around 2 acres or so to be used as pasture. A farmer relative has told me that we need to kill the weeds with herbicide before putting down grass, which would require us contracting with a farmer (apparently the strength of herbicide that you would reasonably use for this requires a special license, which most farmers would have but most other people wouldn't). Here I think I'm looking for more general guidance, mostly on any alternative options for preparing for the planting bed instead of using herbicide. Will we get much benefit from having the land tilled, plowed or disked, or can we simply seed on top after a herbicide is applied?
As a tangent to all this, can someone explain the different effects on soil between a chain harrow (english harrow or "drag"), a disk (disk harrow), a cultivator (the kind with tines that dig into the soil, but they aren't plow-shaped), and a plow?