I've done considerable long-range varminting, hunting, and target shooting. Couple things to consider.
Do you want to shoot big game? targets, varmints? If you are looking to shoot targets and varmints it is lots easier with a smaller caliber gun.....and recoil, costs, and barrel wear (heat) wont be such an issue.
Often hunting rifles are considered accurate if they shoot 1" groups @100 yards. Follow that to mean 2" @ 200, 3" @ 300 and so on. Good rule of thumb is 1 MOA is 1" at 100 yards. (prox)
A good varmint or target gun can reduce that group by about 3 IF you have a very well built gun, well crafted ammo.....and the experience in shooting long range.
Reloading is key to accuracy. Tailoring loads to fit your chamber is paramount.
I used to manufacture accuracy reloading gear.....and have made some long shots and did some competitive rifle shooting. I've shot prairie dogs out to 1000 yards and more....and killed some big game animals at some pretty long ranges (even made a few TV shows on long ranges). It takes a good gun, good optics, good ammo, a good rest, and knowledge to reliably make a long shot. Fun hobby.
There are better places to learn about shooting than a tractor site. (no offense guys) Try The High Road, Bench Rest Central, and more to learn how. Read everything you can.