once a year, i see an ad on craigslist. of actual "guards" that were removed and replaced by new ones. and the folks were wanting to get a little extra money out of them vs taking to salvage yard.
i have found out hard way, about cable. when i was young. nearby city, had a restaurant and there was a house / driveway right beside it, in day time you could tell it was driveway to house, but at night time, it looked like a regular enterence to the restaurant. i hit that drive way, next thing i knew i had a cable strung across the front of the vehicle and about ready to touch the side mirrors. i am going to assume folks living in house had problems with folks wanting to park in there drive way, so the strung up the cable.
the cable for most part stopped my vehicle fairly fast. though if i was going faster i most likely would have snapped the cable.
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problems using 2x10s or 2x anything, is you will be placing them on there ends. like fence post rails. vs laying them down flat. laying them down flat less likly you would break them. laying them on there end. would be like braking a pencil in half.
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most large hardware stores and lumber companies offer 6x6 ties/timbers and 6x8 ties/timbers and 8x8 ties/timbers. there square in shape, and rough cut. not smooth like a 2x4, or 2x8. they are kinda like rail road ties. and they are fairly cheap. and i have only seen treated versions. only time i have used them. is to build retaining walls. for wall right at lake edge and going a few feet under water. or used for a retaining wall to build up an area on a hill for a camping area. have seen most the ties last any were from 20 to 30 years. before they completely rotted away and fallen apart.
for retaining wall, i would use 8" to 10" spikes (other words large size nails) and would need to drill hole through top tie, and then hammer the spike through first and right into lower tie.
but for using them as a guard rail, i would imagine, you would need to use threaded rod, and cut to length, and then use washers and nuts on each end. so you can have space between each rail, vs building an entire retraining wall length of your driveway.