Were they aftermarket parts, or from Case..?? Just for curiosity, I did a Google search on 580D brakes, and everyone says to use Hy-Tran in the brakes. Do you have a service manual, or operators to check and see..?? I even did a search for the Case master cylinders, and came across them at a page from Coleman Equipment. And on that page, is a warning decal. It is part #20 in the exploded view. If you put your cursor (if on a computer) on the decal in the exploded view, it will enlarge it enough to read, even though it is vertical, you can still make it out. "Caution Do not use DOT 3 Brake Fluid"
Parts for Case 580D Loader Backhoes I'm thinking those MC's & slaves were designed to be used with hyd. oil, and the brake fluid has ruined the o-rings. Either fluid is on the backside of the piston not letting them release, or, ate the cups in the slaves, and no pressure to push back.
I sincerely hope this is not the case, but everything I've read had the same exact symptoms, that you are having. You could probably get by with rebuild kits, if they are available, and it would be a lot less expensive.