Fortunately, I was able to learn to read in the first grade. The article clearly states: "At higher load and throttle levels than standardized emissions lab testing". The Federal Emissions test is the only task that must be met. And fuel economy is NOT the goal. In fact, fuel is added downstream of the combustion chambers to heat the main and then the pup converters.
A turbo increases the effective compression ratio by jambing in more air than a natually aspirated engine. Same principle as a supercharger (mechanical turbo). It runs by extracting waste heat energy from the exhaust to pump the intake air. So, its an efficiency improver. Efficiency is not the goal, though, by Law. Reduced emissions is. The increased efficiency increases the peak combustion temperatures, which raises NOx levels which must be catalyzed in the converters using added downstream fuel injection. So, its a win loose consequence. Also, a small engine displacement means wider throttle opening, which also increases efficiency by reducing inlet restriction. Try jogging down your road as fast as you can while breathing only with a 1/2" pipe nipple in your mouth instead of a 2" pipe. Its called restrictor plate, same as what asthma sufferers feel.
GM's Displacement on Demand (DOD) also called "Active Fuel Management" works by canceling cylinder thermodynamic addition to the power demand. You can't just shut off cylinders, though, they would go cold and increase carbon monoxide output, so there is active cylinder rotation to keep all chambers warm enough not to misfire.
Remember, ONE misfire during the California/Federal Emissions test fails the vehicle. Real world fuel and power results are secondary to the requirements of the emissions test. Like it or not, makes sense or not, its what non-scientific reasoning has produced for tactics to fight smog pollution increases. I'm still bewildered that our beef and milk cows aren't fed sawdust and equipped with fart collection bags that could be used to power city busses in China.