That's a tough question that will probably generate different answers.
The colder it gets, the harder it is to turn the engine over and start it. Oil gets thicker as it gets colder and is harder to flow. The best thing to do for an engine is to keep it in a heated garage in the winter. Barring that, the next best thing is to warm the engine up before you start it. That get the oil flowing quicker and gets you up to operating temperature quicker. Engines are designed to operate within a designated temperature range. The quicker you get there, the better it is for the longevity of the engine.
As for when you need to use a block heater, my answer would be when you start getting temperatures below freezing.
The colder it gets, the harder it is to turn the engine over and start it. Oil gets thicker as it gets colder and is harder to flow. The best thing to do for an engine is to keep it in a heated garage in the winter. Barring that, the next best thing is to warm the engine up before you start it. That get the oil flowing quicker and gets you up to operating temperature quicker. Engines are designed to operate within a designated temperature range. The quicker you get there, the better it is for the longevity of the engine.
As for when you need to use a block heater, my answer would be when you start getting temperatures below freezing.