Are you blowing any fuses? and does the fuse blow as soon as you turn the key? Here is the online manual if you do not already have it.
http://manuals.deere.com/omview/OMRE268160_19/?tM=FR
I believe the problem is the temperature sensor, if no smoke is coming out.
On the thermostat housing there is a temperature sensor that is connected to a two wire harness that goes to the injection pump; this is the "cold start advance" portion of the system so it starts easier when cold by advancing the timing.
If you disconnect the sensor and it works fine ohm test the sensor, probably shorted.
The sensor on the thermostat housing controls the advance on the injection pump. When it fails it shorts out and blows the fuse. Try unplugging it, replace fuse and see if it starts and runs. The part # is RE503242, (include is the URL for JD and picture of sensor) if you are quick changing it, you don't have to drain the coolant, just make sure it's not hot at the time. You will want a pan under the tractor to catch the coolant, so as not too have to clean it up.
You may need to re-prime the fuel system, if it still does not start.
To comply with the exhaust emissions regulation, the timing of injection pump should be around 6 to 9 degrees before TDC. This timing values do not allow proper start-up operations when engine is cold. To ease engine start-up, a cold advance system gives to the injection pump a temporary over-timing.
John Deere - Parts Catalog