Although your concerns have some validity, your analogy is not as applicable here. With a window, you have sources of light on both sides. This is what causes loss of contrast and ghosts. What you would be doing would be more like a picture frame. The window is pressed up against the subject, which isn't a light source. You can test this out by buying a small piece of plexiglass from the hardware store and taking a picture of a smaller object.
I should warn you though, that you will need to control the lighting in the room. You want a diffuse light in the room. Any bright bare lights in the room which could reflect off the plexiglass directly into your camera will be a problem. If you have a photographers umbrella, you'll likely be ok. You may want to have these off to the sides enough where they will not cause a direct reflection. This could also be tested by moving your smaller sample over the full area in your wall where the bigger quilt would take up. If you have any questions, you can feel free to send me a private message. Just be patient as I may be traveling some.
Good points however beyond the potential issues of introducing a layer of plastic between the camera & subject, I think other structural factors would rule out this approach. As explained previously, smaller items up to 4x5 feet e.g. are no problem-- they can be shot vertically. Being able to photograph larger items 8x10 feet & up is the focus of this thread. The plexi is an interesting approach but I just don't think it would be feasible-- working with a sheet that large being just one of the factors.
Lighting is not an issue as our studio is equipped with strobes, LED lights, soft boxes, umbrellas, reflectors, remote control devices etc. etc.
So, where are you travelling to?