Thanks everybody, I got it going! David-Davies, you were on the right track, and eventually your advice solved the problem. J_J helped too, because his test told me the problem wasn't what I thought. Wish I could buy a round for the house! :drink:
Took starter motor off (easier than I feared) and bench-tested with a spare battery from a riding mower. Lo, the motor works! And doing that made me realize how much current it draws - the sparking and the jumping when the motor started - which got me to thinking again about the wiring. So I went back, and reconnected it, and hooked the battery back up, and tried again. Again, it would click but not turn over. Then I noticed an odd thing: When I first turn the key, the front panel lights come on as usual, but after trying to start, they are dim. And the headlights won't come on. Hmmm. Out comes the voltmeter again...
OK, long story short, I tracked it down to a bad connection between the battery post and the positive cable clamp. I had already scrubbed away at that with an abrasive pad and thought I had it clean, but it just wasn't quite good enough to sustain a 300-amp load. Polished it some more and really clamped down with the bolt, and all of a sudden everything works again - engine fired right up! :thumbsup:
So, to recap, there was a bad fusible link and solenoid, and a weak battery terminal connection. Why all this happened at once is kind of a mystery, but there it is. The tractor starts and runs
, and now all I have to do is put all the bits back where they were (neutral safety switch, F/R shifter, body panels, instrument panel, etc.) and I can finally get back to farming! For one day anyway, it's supposed to rain on Thursday.