Count the number of cells and multiply by 2, that will give you the voltage.
For you purists, the type of chemistry actually determines the cell voltage and it is typically not 2 volts. A lead acid battery is about 2.2 per cell and charge state is more properly determined by specific gravity, but I haven't seen a hygrometer for many years. A fully charged 12v battery is typically around 13.8 volts.
Actually, the cells on a standard lead acid battery are 2.1 volts at full charge with a standard 12v being actually 12.6 volts. Alternators generally charge at 13.8-14.4v because you need a higher voltage than the battery to actually charge it.
Fun fact: once a battery reaches 12.4 volts it is at only half charge.
I use a group 24F in mine. About as big in size that will fit and the F version has the posts reversed so placing the + post to left side puts the posts to front and not tucked back under the air filter, easier access to posts and clamps.