Fellow 4310 owner here...to the Original Poster, to my eye it looks like
it has battery corrosion that has been neutralized before and covered up
with some new paint. It looked like in one picture there was a bit of black paint overspray on one of your hydraulic fittings.
As for the ongoing battery problems, my 4310 is 3 years old now, and has been back to the dealer once for the new battery, neutralize, paint routine.
The battery that they installed is just like the prior leaker. The problem isn't just the liquid acid, but also the corrosive FUMES, and guess where they get sucked....right through the radiator and oil cooler. It's hard to get in between all those little crooks and crevices on a radiator to neutralize that stuff. I'm thinking 2 more years and the cover-up paint will start to blister and presto...eaten' up radiator.
SO, I'm thinking buy a NEW radiator now, and install a sealed battery like the Optima, or maybe an Odyssey. They make good batteries that can be mounted upside down if need be.
Anybody know how many CCAs we need to start a 4310 ?