Since the root cellar will require aux cooling,the existing room sounds attractive and less work. A room air conditioner will be problematic below 60f. Freeze-ups, short compressor life and poor energy efficiency. If you have working knowledge of refrigeration or have someone that does I'd salvage a small refrigeration unit or even a used refrigerator or freezer components. Components of a commercial double door can handle the room if well insulated. If 300 cu ft is enough space, sealing off and dropping ceiling in part of room could be cooled with components from domestic refrigerator/freezer.
Scrap metal yard and scrapper guys who haul old appliances away for dealers are good source for old appliances. If you test 10 domestic fridges in a scrapyard , 5 would have failed t-stat, 2 would have clogged condenser coils(if all 10 had coils instead of using case) 2 would have bad compressor and one would be fully functional.
If you don't have wherewithal to utilize salvage components, here's something you might be able to use. I had my technicians carry an Inkbird controller to sub in emergency for fridge/freezer tstat until correct replacement could be obtained. $20-$30 and will handle home units, or with help of a relay,big commercial unit.