He's Running a 7:1 MA (Mechanical Advantage) system (anchored to the tree behind the trailer) using that to pull a 5:1 MA (anchored to the tree in front of the trailer). That splits the resulting anchor force between the two trees.
Setting them up in this fashion makes them multiply resulting in the 35:1 total MA. Piggy backing systems like this can result in some pretty high MA systems with a relatively low hardware investment (imagine how large & how many sheaves it would take to build a 35:1 non-compounded system)
And yes with forces like those involved, things can get pretty hairy in the blink of an eye.
The up side is that the systems move super super slow - for a 35:1 system he actually has to move the tractor 35 feet to move the stump 1 foot (although the stump gives well before moving a full foot)
The down side is that rope/cordage based systems will stretch and store a ton of energy that will let go in a hurry when things give.
Here's an example from the same guy.
Flying Stump - YouTube
and here's the story behind the magic.
Flying Stump, the Backstory - YouTube
I have watched several of this guys videos before and I promise he's forgotten more about rigging that I'll ever be able to learn so I'll just add
PLEASE - DO NOT TRY THIS AT HOME. :thumbsup: