If you squeeze the fuel bulb (last photo), does it seem like it is moving fuel? Does it firm up after several squeezes? When it is running bad, does squeezing the bulb get it running better pretty quick? Sometimes the check valves in the bulb go bad. The lift pump is right after the bulb. You can get a clear piece of fuel line to put between the lift pump and the filter to see if you are getting bubbles in the fuel. A cracked pick up tube in the fuel tank may be allowing some air in if you see bubbles.
Did you drain a bit of fuel from the filter to see if there was any water? One bad batch of fuel is all it takes to condemn the fuel filter.