It seems like someone else had this problem several years ago. It wasn't related to having run out of fuel, but same problem otherwise. In that thread, someone asked the original poster to keep a close eye on the key when it was released. It turned out that when the key was released, it was somehow kicking back from the start position, past the run position, all the way to the off position.
I think what happens on the diesel, when moving the key from run to off, is that the fuel pump is shut down so no more fuel is injected (as there is no ignition system). Look and see how far the key is kicking back when released. When you normally release the key after startup, it should move to run position, and the fuel pump should continue sending fuel to the injectors. If too much kickback is the case, try holding the key as you let it move slowly from start to run position, then gently release.
BTW, re. teenagers, when they are your own, you love them dearly, but raising them can be like trying to negotiate with North Korea.