In most cases, operating a tractor in 4wd saves fuel, sometimes a very considerable ammount. Basically, any time you use your tractor off of dry hard ground, sod, or pavement to pull or push a load you will save fuel in 4wd. This is because energy is not wasted pushing a "dead" axle through the soft ground and most of the engine's power is available to move the load. Take a look at the tractors working the big fields these days, they are almost all 4wd. With today's fuel prices, not many farmers can afford to waste fuel operating a big 2wd for tillage operations, and they have largely gone the way of the horse. I think most of this confusion is caused by the average CUT owner's greater familiarity with automobiles which usually operate on roads and do in fact use considerably more fuel in 4wd. If you do not believe that fuel can be saved in 4wd, try this test: Hitch your 4wd tractor to a disk and take it onto some tilled soil. Disengage the 4wd and note the throttle required to maintain a speed across the field (use gps to monitor speed). Now engage the 4wd and again note the throttle required to maintain the same speed. You will note that much less throttle, hense less fuel, is required in fwd. That extra throttle and fuel was needed in 2wd to move the "dead" axle. The bottom line here is that if you want to save fuel, you should leave it in 4wd almost all the time unless you are on the road.