Hi ben,
Greenhouse growers use basically two brands of "cheaper" injectors - Dosatron or Dosamatic ($200 and up). The comercial injectors (Anderson) cost thousands. I imagine these $200 greenhouse injectors could be put into your lawn irrigation. They are very reliable and pretty accurate.
However, there are several inherent problems with injecting into your system. Backflow prevention is a must (might be code in your area) to prevent fertilizer from getting into your drinking water. A code accepted backflow preventer might cost several hundred dollars.
Next, sprinkler uniformity tends to be only mediocre with round pattern sprinklers. Even if you had a VERY good engineer design your system, chances are there are areas that are getting three or more times more water because of poor over lap-patterns. Thus, these areas would get more fertilizer and maybe result in an uneven lawn or leaching.
I base this experience from my greenhouse and nursery background - so, maybe I'm out in left field regarding lawns. Do commercial lawn firms fertilize through the irrigation? Golf courses?
Good luck,
Randy