John and piolot , your both correct.
John if you spray after tilling and you hit a live root it will kill it by hitting it with roundup, not as well as leaves but that is a surface that can uptake something to the plant, it is a root afterall.
Roundup is not soil active and turns to harmless crystals once in soil so technically you can plant in the soil once sprayed, the danger comes in as your tender new growth may contact an leaf that still has residue on it that in the mourning dew rehydrates the herbicide thus transferring it to the new plant. This is the reason you see the warning on the bottle , like wiat 10 days to plant veggies etc.
Id wait in my opininon at least 5 days till it then wait 2 weeks for resprouts and new seeds to sprout and spray it again, that should get most of the stuff.
Piolot, you dont just have to hit leaves, green stems like on grasses and flowers can cause death, also you can girdle or cut a sapling and spray the stump when wet and fresh and that will translocate the poison to the roots for death. Leaves are optimum but not a hard fast rule. Woody stems not a problem, like my crepe myrdle i just spray around the base i dont care if i hit the trunk, it dosent do anything as it cant go through the bark/woody stem. Or if your spraying around your big oak tree so you dont have to weed eat just spray grass around it 10"s or so and dont worry about over spray onto the tree it is harmless to it, on the trunk that is.