How does an air inlet temperature sensor function?

   / How does an air inlet temperature sensor function? #1  

Silvic

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I thought this would be a good place to post this. There is such a large community of knowledgeable folks that maybe someone can help.
A bit long winded but here goes:

I have a piece of equipment (CTL) that has a Perkins engine in it. There is a gauge (LCD style) that displays the inlet air temp. This is not the manifold temp but the inlet to the turbo temperature sensor.

Recently it began a intermittent issue in which the inlet air temp starts dropping moderately fast when the engine is at full throttle. In my application this engine is at full throttle almost full time (except warm ups and cool-downs.) Normally the temperature tracks engine load and throttle directly. When this "drop in temperature" occurs the ECM commands more fuel as it senses that it needs the fuel due to the temp dropping. This results in an unburned fuel smell. If I idle down while it is still dropping it drops below what would be normal for a full power idle down and if the throttle is then increased the temp starts decreasing again. Almost like it is reverse sensing temperature at this point. Once I turn the engine off and let it sit for 10 seconds and restart it, everything reads and runs normal until the next occurrence.

I have talked to the Perkins rep and the service manager of the dealership who happens to be 3 and 5 hours away respectively and they are at a loss as well. No codes are being thrown and that prevents any trouble shooting with codes. There is a Perkins software package that can run some tests but the Perkins facility is 3 hours away and the software is about $5K so I am rather reticent to purchase it. (not certain they would even sell it)

Don't really want to shotgun a temp sensor at the problem ($140). Does anyone know just how an air inlet temperature sensor functions and is it possible with some intermittent malfunction that it could start reading inverse temp/voltage. The Sensor has a 5 volt energizing signal from the ECM but with only two wires I don't know haw it sends data back, unless it plays a plus/minus game with the 5 volts and that is converted to a digital temp reading.

Not only is it annoying, I and the service manager have a concern that long term it will ruin the DPF due to the unburned fuel that is suspected of being the source of the smell.
 
   / How does an air inlet temperature sensor function? #2  
I would say you have 5 volts input and as the sensor heats up and cools down that voltage gets reduced which is interpreted by the ECM as a temperature. The sensor may be going bad and causing erratic resistance readings which the ECM interprets as a temperature. It won't set a code unless what is received is outside of it programmed range. A graphing meter connected to the return/sensing wire to the ECM may be able to show what the sensor is doing and you could watch the voltage changes in real time and if it is the sensor could what it go wonky in real time.
 
   / How does an air inlet temperature sensor function? #3  
I understand your pain on a new sensor. I do agree to the previous poster. I would check the resistance of the sensor before you run the engine and after it acted up and put the engine on the rich side. Assuming the ambient temps don't change much, it should show almost the same resistance.
There is an equal chance that the wiring harness is starting to short out and causes a faulty reading.

My two kids, both of them got a used Mini Cooper where the ambient temp sensor went south. On both, the display showed -40. There is a tendecy that the reading shows colder temps than it actually is.
 
   / How does an air inlet temperature sensor function?
  • Thread Starter
#4  
I would say you have 5 volts input and as the sensor heats up and cools down that voltage gets reduced which is interpreted by the ECM as a temperature. The sensor may be going bad and causing erratic resistance readings which the ECM interprets as a temperature. It won't set a code unless what is received is outside of it programmed range. A graphing meter connected to the return/sensing wire to the ECM may be able to show what the sensor is doing and you could watch the voltage changes in real time and if it is the sensor could what it go wonky in real time.

In your opinion and understanding, could the sensor going bad actually flip the resistance that the unit shows thus causing the Apparent "reverse" temp sensing? There are two types (PTC and NTC) but for this next question it may not matter.

If higher temperature reduces the resistance normally for the given style (NTC) can a failing sensor cause a higher temperature to increase resistance instead?
And if that is the case why does a shutdown of the engine and then restart "fix" the problem, at least for a while.

Getting a probe into the area during operation with the intermittent and unpredictable period between "failures" is going to be a problem with the location and the type of work (mulching) that the machine is used for. Problem never surfaces during non active time (at least not yet). If it was a hard fail it woulds be so much easier to deal with. The "fixing" of the problem with the de-powering as the unit is turned off makes it even more challenging.
 
   / How does an air inlet temperature sensor function? #5  
My guess is the sensor is bad but it could be something else, a wire or the way the computer is reading it. What’s cheaper getting it to the Perkins guy or getting a new sensor?
 
   / How does an air inlet temperature sensor function? #6  
it could be the "hot wire" type of sensor, where the "hot wire" is in the airflow, and it's resistance changes with temperature(hotter temperatures increase the resistance, and colder temperatures decrease the resistance). it's usually a nichrome wire.. I've seen these go bad on cars and trucks before.. also, you need to see if it's an ECM problem!..
 
   / How does an air inlet temperature sensor function? #7  
A short story, we had a Chrysler 300c with a bad egr valve, but I didn’t know what it was. I had the shop manual and it seemed like there was about 20 pages to pin the problem down and scan tools I didn’t have. A new egr valve was $35 at Autozone. I hate to throw parts at something but if you are doing the work it’s often the cheapest.
 
   / How does an air inlet temperature sensor function? #8  
Is there any possible way to clean up the outside of the sensor ? Any chance it is coating with something that might be affecting the sensor being able to read the true temperature ?
 
   / How does an air inlet temperature sensor function? #9  
Is there any possible way to clean up the outside of the sensor ? Any chance it is coating with something that might be affecting the sensor being able to read the true temperature ?
possibly.. maybe carb cleaner or sandpaper.. if it's the hot wire type, the end connections may have a bad connection, also.. finding the standard resistance values for that sensor, then comparing them to what you have is key..
 
   / How does an air inlet temperature sensor function? #10  
it could be the "hot wire" type of sensor, where the "hot wire" is in the airflow, and it's resistance changes with temperature(hotter temperatures increase the resistance, and colder temperatures decrease the resistance). it's usually a nichrome wire.. I've seen these go bad on cars and trucks before.. also, you need to see if it's an ECM problem!..

Agree!
 

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