Jinma 354 Y485 Head Gasket Leak

   / Jinma 354 Y485 Head Gasket Leak #1  

Tim Berframe

Bronze Member
Joined
Jan 10, 2013
Messages
60
Location
Peace Country Alberta
Tractor
Jinma 354
It has been 2 years since this machine broke as discussed in a previous thread : Jinma 354 white smoke no power won't rev past 800rpm

Recap: Cam thrust plate bolt came out and went through the timing gears, busting case and hydraulic driver. Repaired but did not change cam bearings. Decided to do the head bolt torque and valve lash adjustment. These were all over the map with #3 cylinder valves never having ever closed (been running on 3 cylinders ever since I bought it new). Engine power band characteristics changed dramatically but it was running hot with exhaust from the crank case vent - now know that means head gasket leak or head crack. With only maybe 10 hours run time since these changes, the cam shaft broke. I think the front bearing was damaged in the first episode and it wallowed out allowing enough flex to break it.

I couldn't get rings for the 3 ring pistons it came with so I did a complete rebuild. New 4 ring pistons, rods, liners, bearings, seals, clutches, pilot bearing, throwout bearing. Had the block hot tanked and painted. Cleaned and painted everything I touched. Hand lapped several valves that weren't holding liquid. Block deck and head were perfectly flat and smooth. Made sure all was meticulously clean and placed head gasket in same orientation as the old one. All holes and passages seemed to be aligned correctly. Torqued it down carefully in three stages with new head bolts after thread chasing all holes. Threads clean and dry torqued to 115 ft lbs.

I had fuel difficulties and hydraulic leaks on first start up. Engine ran a total of maybe 15 minutes over 4 or five tries to get the fuel delivery correct and the hydraulics sorted out. It still starts hard but is strong and smooth when it catches. I ran it another 20 minutes to verify the clutches were set up right before covering up with the loader. I had been concerned this whole time that it had a slight grey smoke that didn't clear with temperature rise.

Then the head gasket blew. Antifreeze out the overflow with gusto and exhaust from the crankcase vent. There is no water in the oil or oil in the water - just compression where it shouldn't be.

So, two years later and 100 hours into a major rebuild and I'm back to where I started. Is it possible to pressure test the head myself somehow?
 
   / Jinma 354 Y485 Head Gasket Leak #2  
I know of no other way to pressure test a cylinder head than to make a thick backing plate, and using a new head gasket, torque the head down to the plate. You will also have to block off the coolant pump and thermostat openings. I used 1/2" steel plate for this.
 
   / Jinma 354 Y485 Head Gasket Leak
  • Thread Starter
#3  
Is it possible to damage the head gasket by dead-heading the hydraulic pump?

Cause that happened.
 
   / Jinma 354 Y485 Head Gasket Leak #5  
Tim, you wrote:
It still starts hard but is strong and smooth when it catches
I had been concerned this whole time that it had a slight grey smoke that didn't clear with temperature rise.

Could it be a faulty injection timing, set to early?
I bought a Mercedes diesel once, the injection timing was set wrong (by an apprentice diesel mechanic) . It would hard start and run, and it blew the glow plugs apart.
 
   / Jinma 354 Y485 Head Gasket Leak
  • Thread Starter
#6  
The timing is all the way to one end of its travel. I didn't change that but it definitely sounds like a possibility. Ill look into which way (early vs late) it is at. That will be fine tuning once I get the real problem fixed. It is definitely leaking compression and it was before the rebuild too.

Given that it suddenly started blowing water out the overflow and spitting exhaust out the crankcase breather, I do not think it is a cracked head but will pull it and pressure test to be sure. My current theory is that the liner protrusion on #3 is too low and the fire ring is not sealing. The factory or dealer had set valve lash there to preclude that cylinder from firing so the compression leak was masked. I just looked at the old head gasket and the fire ring had failed beside an oil port between #3 and #4. Compression was leaking between the cylinders there. That would seem to explain the exhaust in crankcase. Im guessing this time it is reaching a water passage and the oil passage.

Can that liner be shimmed up higher or do I have to split and tear down everything for the block to go to machine shop?
 
   / Jinma 354 Y485 Head Gasket Leak #7  
   / Jinma 354 Y485 Head Gasket Leak
  • Thread Starter
#8  
Hi Bob. Winter is over finally and I tore the machine apart finally. Got down to the head bolts and just for giggles, put the torque wrench on them. 3 of the center bolts moved at only 90lbs. One moved at 100. 6 clicked immediately as expected at the 117 ft lbs I used last summer. I torqued to 120 ft lbs and put all back together and fired it up. It ran but with thick white smoke. I took the thermostat out so I could see the water movement in radiator. There was definitely exhaust pressure in the water still. No exhaust in the base this time but still not useable. So, took apart again and pulled the head.

I can't see anything obviously wrong. I laid a straight edge across the liner tops. Seems dead flat. I can't get a 1 thou feeler gauge under the straightedge at any of the 8 contact points. I measured height of liner protrusion everywhere I could fit the feeler guage. Only discrepancy is on #4. Protrusion on intake side is 36 thou and on exhaust side 37 thou. The deck is dead flat as far as I can measure with a straight edge. I cant see anything obvious on the head gasket. Going to try pressure testing the head.

Not sure if it means anything but 4 of the bolt threads were dry (as they all were at assembly), 3 has oil in the holes, 3 had antifreeze in the holes. Seems to indicate to me that the gasket didn't seal on the block deck. Whats your thoughts on using the old school copper gasket sealer?
 
   / Jinma 354 Y485 Head Gasket Leak
  • Thread Starter
#9  
I took the head off yesterday. While it was stripped down and I had access, I checked the injection timing. It was firing at about 60 degrees btdc. I am amazed that it ever fired at all.
 
   / Jinma 354 Y485 Head Gasket Leak #10  
I took the head off yesterday. While it was stripped down and I had access, I checked the injection timing. It was firing at about 60 degrees btdc. I am amazed that it ever fired at all.

Whoa!
 

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