On the back of the gauge there might be three terminals. A + terminal that should be 12V when the key is on. A ground terminal that should be grounded at all times. A sender unit terminal that might or not be grounded depending on how much fuel is in the tank.
How most gauges work is the tank unit is "ground". The more fuel in the tank, the more ground which makes the gauge needle rise toward full.
If yours functions like that you can ground the sender unit terminal on the gauge and it should read full. If it doesn't change, then the gauge is probably bad.
Coming at it the other way, you can do a resistance check on the sender unit wire, unplugged from the gauge, the fuller the tank, the higher ohm resistance will be recorded.