Yes, too high a load at to low a RPM forces the engine to operate outside of it's design/force envelope. In addition to "knocking" and predetonation or early detonation, the higher than normal cylinder/combustion pressures raise the EGT/CHT and also hammer the heck out of the bearings/pistons. In extreme cases the oil/lubricant can be squeezed out from between the working parts and metal to metal contact can occur. This is not good as galling-- metal transfer, and overheating of surfaces will result. Aviation engines that are operated in this manner will self destruct or come to an untimely end, diesel tractor engines are perhaps more tolerent as they are designed to operate under high loads at relatively low RPMs and are heavily built and diesels are tolerent I suppose of detonation. I think the definition of detonation is a sudden and untimely, uncontrolled/rapid burning as in an explosion as compared to controlled combustion expansion at the proper ignition point with a spreading flame front providing a relatively even push, not a hammer like blow.
Diesels are strange beasts anyway, give me a turbine anyday. An Allison 250 could really make some dirt fly and you can hold it in your arms. I was once told that you could hold the prop on a PT6 Pratt during start, (turbines are low torque and high RPM reduced via a gearbox of various sorts to produce the needed torque--the PT6 power turbine and compressor turbine are a shaft in a shaft and are not connected so to speak), frankly, I would not want to try that as once that baby spools up to 30,000 plus RPM between 600 to 1200 horses are effortlessly unleashed. Plowing at 100 MPH is completely possible! Along the same lines, I was once hitching a ride via a commuter airline back to work and was listening in on a 30 something and his girlfriend as he described in typical male know it all fashion how he did not trust these prop jobs because they were "half motor and half jet", she seemed unimpressed but whether by him or the prop jet engine I can only guess.
J