that's pretty wide for a trailer wheel (rim) and no, those size tires will not fit on that rim.
part of the specification for each tire is the width of wheel they will fit. usually it is a range of about 1/2" to 3/4" either way. like 6-7.5" for a 225 tire, etc.
to get to a 10" rim, you'll have to go up to a 295 width tire. that may mean a very low aspect ratio like 45 to clear your fenders. you'll never find this or anything close to it in a trailer rated tire, only radial car tires and mostly low profile performance tires. depending on the loads and trailer usage you expect, this might work for you, but you'll spend a ton for the tires in this size and you'll loose gas mileage due to the rolling resistance and most likely will sacrifice load capacity as these tires are designed to grip the road in performance car and street truck applications, not to experience the loads of a heavy, towed, trailer.
i would sell the rims you have and get some proper rims for the trailer so you can shoe them with trailer rubber.
amp