If you fertilize every year then remember the feeder roots of a tree extend beyond the drip line and I'd fertilize out beyond that so the roots will stretch out to get the nutrients.
There are two ways to use granular fert, one is to drill small holes in the ground and fill with fert but that works just like spikes, The other is to spread the fert on the ground with a spreader but that also ferts the grass and you'll be mowing like mad for the rest of the summer. That is why I like the deep root liquid method.
Probably the best way is to let the leaves fall and rot on the ground, thus the tree provides it's own fertilizer. When leaves fall they release the nutrients stored in the cells as they rot. Some trees like Oak tend to hold the leaves well into winter and they "Suck" the nutrients out of the leaves while they are still on the tree, that's why Oak leaves do not make good compost.