Consider adjusting, cleaning or rebuilding the carb. Sounds like it is running too rich and any reduction of air flow is causing flooding.
Assuming you have fresh fuel.
I am surprised that overfilling oil would allow it to run with or without air filter. I suppose that if too much oil it would foam up and backup into carb and even a little restriction from the filter would starve it for air.
By the way, too much oil is about the worst thing you can do to an engine.
i rebuilt the carb the day after the oil changed the oil started right up ran great for 2 or three minutes then the oil was every where lesson learned dont drink when working on any of my tractors thanks for the help