There is actually a 4th kind of thumb, tho I have not built or
operated one like this before.
1st kind is hydraulic with a 2-way spool valve activating it. The
valve is near the other hoe controls, sometimes operated with
the right foot.
2nd kind is a stationary adjustable mechanical thumb, where the
the user can set it in one or more fixed positions on the dipper
stick. My own thumbs use a cat 1 toplink that is infinitely
adjustable for length. Woods uses a link with several different
pin holes.
3rd kind is an articulating mechanical thumb that uses a linkage
connected to the curl cylinder to open/close the thumb at the
same time as the bkt is curled. 3RRL's example is a great illustration
of this type.
4th kind, which I have never seen mentioned, uses a hyd cylinder,
but it is plumbed in PARALLEL to the curl cylinder. This makes the
thumb move when the bkt curls, but it can close in different
positions. If the thumb cyl is smaller than the curl cyl, then curling
the bkt with something grasped between it and the thumb will move
the load. Hyd fluid flows to cyl with lowest pressure. I can see this
kind of thumb as an easy upgrade to a fixed thumb by replacing the
toplink with a hyd toplink and plumbing to T fittings on the curl cyl.
This thumb requires no additional valve.