I don't think it'll do any of the above.
It'll add little weight if you have a small tractor.
The ground surface contact is still small so not that much friction is added (if any).
No additional weight is added to the wheel bearings, unless you start bouncing the front end.
Again the rolling friction might go up a nano amount unless you travel up hill both ways.
...ever rolled a wood floor with one of those 6" diameter solid steel rollers, about 150#. They roll pretty easy, harder up hill, easy down hill, hard as heck to pick up!
IMO you add more stress to the front end by adding weights, loaders, etc. This puts more stress on everything from the ground up to the weight. If you drive this tractor on a real bumpy road, fast all the time, then you might add some stress to the drivetrain. But if you are just doing normal tasks, IMO not any problem.
Personally I'd load the fronts solid for one purpose, flats. Problem is on my tractor I don't have any problem with front flats. Ok guess who'll have a flat this weekend!