"Air flows through static vanes (plastic or metal) which causes the air to spin. Centrifugal force separates the heaviest impurities (dust, dirt, insects, and other debris) from the air stream. These contaminants are discharged automatically through an integral evacuator valve. Only purified air flows to the air filter elements (primary and safety stages of filtration)."
Found this after searching for a while, was curious about it too.