Yes, but only kind of applicable to tractors.
Truck engines are really made for mileage and power (which are VERY related!). Computer controls, high pressure ignition systems and all the bells and whistles came earlier, and then emissions changes got piled on. Power has increased, efficiency has increased, but the emissions controls have definitely set some of those advantages back. The same truck without DPF/urea/etc. will get better mileage than one without it, but at what cost to the environment?
On the other hand, tractor engines prior to the new emissions requirements have for the most part been fairly basic in smaller tractors like our Kubotas. So, when the emissions regulations were piled on, computer controls, high pressure common rail injection, etc. all became a necessity. I think Fred's pretty accurate in saying that it's likely a wash between the two. And they definitely are easier to start/run smoother/etc. There is also a parts cost advantage offset to NOT having complex mechanical injection pumps and things.