Forrest Addy
The differences are as stated above but I woud submit the folowing.
The primary difference between a winch and a hoist is the hoist has a load brake. If the drive to the winch reduction fails the load brake will hold the load from freely falling. A hoist is designed to power down as well as up. It will not freewheel if the drive is disengaged for any reason. Consider a chain hoist with its load brake integrated in the hand chain sheave. A hoist for a crane or an elevator may gave three brakes: a motor brake, a band brake on the hoist drum, and the load brake.
Taking the safety factors, the attention to failure modes, annual inspection and load testing, hoist mechanisms are hedged around almost as much as steam boilers.
A winch however may have a brake for load holding release but it's not strictly required. It's intended for pulling loads. A winch furnished with a high ratio worm drive that will not reverse may not have a brake at all. A winch's highest evolution may be tug boat towing winches and logging high-lead winches. They have many features including some of the safety factors of hoists. I know of some automotove bumper winches equipped with load brakes as well as a magneticly actuated magnetic brake. But there are few cases where a winch has to be certified to the level of a hoist intened to suspend loads over personnel or to carrly personnel to a height.
So there isn't a clear distinction between hoists and winches. A hoist I would suggest would be better described more in terms of its safety features and annual testing and documentation. A winch is better describes as something hand or motor powered intended for dragging $hi# horizontally by spooling in a rope or a wire.