Hi, yes you got the idea of what that notch is for. I have sometimes had to use vise-grips on the rim, to stop it coming off the rim fast as you put it on!
I don't know if you guys use filling adapters for loading or not. Because we just use water, I've always used an adapter, which has a water fitting and screws onto the valve, plus has a tiny hole to let the air escape. Guess you could make one, if you have a suitable T and spare hose. Could just run the extra line back to the container of ballast, kinda like the return on an injection system. I usually have the valve near the top, they say to have it 10 or 2 o'clock but I usually go higher with water, don't want rusty rims!
Hopefully, the weight of the ballast will have at least loosened the bead for you. If you can get a bar in the notch first, and then just work slowly around. You will get it, but there's no recipe for success, you will just need to persevere and experiment what works.
Once you can see in there, you will know whether you need to completely dismount it, or hopefully you can just inspect the inside of the tyre carcass and rim and deem them to be near enough to put the new tube in. Pay particular attention to the rim for rust, it makes sense to give it a dust-up with a wirewheel while you can, and a spray with primer if you do; also it pays to check the inside of the carcass for any rough areas, damage, punctures. These can be ground or sanded smooth. If there is any debris, vacuum it out!
When it comes time put put it back together, the only tips I have are: 1 use plenty of baby talc in there to stop the new tube being a PIA by sticking to itself and the tire
2 put a little air in the tube so it holds a little shape, this will make it a lot easier to get it free of kinks+folds, and make it a lot less likely that you will pinch it with the bars. I usually try to start opposite the stem and finish at the valve, but that's only a nicety. It's whatever works for you!