And of course, there is no agenda there. Nope. Not a bit.
Actually, there isn't. I realize that can be very hard to believe, as government in general often does have an agenda. But, scientific funding is a very open process, and is very carefully separated from political influence. It works as follows (using NSF as an example. Other funding agencies may vary slightly, but the general process is the same).
A full explanation would be lengthy, although I'm happy to give it, or answer specific questions, if interested. The Cliff notes version is this:
1) Solicitations for grants can be targeted, or unsolicited. Most are unsolicited meaning "submit whatever idea you have for research, we'll evaluate it, and decide if it is worth being funded." (No agenda on what they are looking to fund). Targeted solicitations are looking for particular topics. For example, they'll say, "we are looking to fund research on COVID-19." That's basically it. No agenda.
2) A program manager, a temporary 2-4 year position filled by a scientist from a university or research lab (not a government bureaucrat), in a particular focus area convenes a review panel of scientists to evaluate proposals by identifying experts in the field and asking them to review proposals.
3) A panel is usually comprised of 8-10 individuals that will review about 30 proposals. Each proposal is reviewed in detail by 3 panel members, and then discussed by the entire group. The discussion is based solely on specific review criteria that only evaluate the scientific merit of the proposal. Period. This focus on only reviewing if it is good science, and ignoring any other influences, is a fundamental tenet of review, anywhere. There is zero discussion or even consideration of anything even remotely political. Mandatory training prior to serving on a panel emphasizes how to identify any biases you may have, and how to avoid them at all costs. The money comes from the government, but they don't get to choose who is funded. The independent panel of experts does that.
4) Each grant is given a score, based solely on the review panel. The program manager is not allowed to provide any input on this. Any conflicts of interest are closely vetted, and those panelists are removed from the room during discussion, and not allowed to review or discuss those proposals.
5) The grants are ranked by score, and the top ones, based on available funding, get funded. The others are denied. At NSF, about 10% of submitted grants are funded. 90% are turned down. Only the top, carefully vetted proposals make it through.
6)The panel members volunteer their time. Serving on a panel is usually about 30-40 hours of work, which you have to squeeze in over about a 4 week period in addition to your other job responsibilities. You are paid $200 for that time ...
7) Panel members destroy all copies of proposals when completed, and are not allowed to divulge what panel they served on (so no one knows who reviewed which grants). They are only allowed to say, "I was a reviewer for an NSF panel".