Brakes vs no brakes is a discussion mostly held on whatever people are accustomed to, without any factualities.
Its not the brakes which are limiting, its the friction between tires and the road, in relation to the mass you want to brake. With non brake axles in your combination you have mass pushing you forward, without using the weight to generate stopping power.
Indeed on 60k pound big rig you wont notice a 3500 pound trailer. But on a 5k pickup truck with said trailer, youre going from 100% of weight aiding in braking, to 58% of weight aiding in stopping power. Thats rather substantial, and also increasing your brake distance in similar ratio.