Operating at Half Engine Speed
Farm tractor diesel engines are designed to develop optimum horsepower and torque at a specific rated engine speed.
Operating a tractor with a 1000 rpm PTO at approximately one-half its rated engine rpm to deliver 540 rpm to the generator is not a recommended practice.
Chart 8 shows the results of one test where this mode of operation was attempted. The frequency decreased by 10% when 30 % of rated load was applied and by 16% at 60 % of rated load. Clearly unacceptable, for producing quality power.
Chart 8. Significant change in frequency takes place when operating at half of rated engine rpm.
While the engine horsepower would be significantly reduced at half the rated engine rpm, the bigger problem is that at this speed the engine is operating on the unstable side of the torque curve. An increase in load will cause a reduction in engine speed, which causes a reduction in torque, which causes a reduction in speed, resulting in tractor stalling or speed cycling erratically up and down.
Some tractors are now equipped with an "economy" 540 rpm PTO as well as the "standard" setting. One tractor with this feature was tested. Operating with the "standard" setting produced a 2% drop in frequency from no-load to full-load operation. The frequency drop while operating in the "economy" setting was in excess of 6% for the same loads.
When selecting the engine operating speed to deliver 540 rpm at the PTO:
- set the engine close to manufactures recommended engine speed for 540 rpm
- adjust frequency to 60-62 Hz
- use a factory "economy" setting for light consistent loads
- do not operate your tractor with 1000 rpm PTO and half engine speed.