You can't "suck" water more than 26' or so - the weight of the water will exceeed the atmospheric pressure available here on earth at sea level (or in other words, you can't pull more than -15 psi of vaccum).
Pump performance will suffer greatly whenever you are trying to push the edge of things on the suction side. Besides running out of vaccum and not being able to prime at all, if you are able to get it to hold a prime, depending on the temperature of the water, you may still cavitate around any portion of the pump vanes that cause a pressure lower than the vapor pressure of the water at that temperature. Once cavitation starts, its downhill from there in terms of performance and durability of the pump.
For medium-depth wells, there is something called a "jet" pump. This kind of pump pushes a stream of water down the well. There is a special venturi fitting down in the well-point (or suction entrance) that uses the energy from the "jet" water to pull more water back up the pipe. Priming these can be kind of tricky - you have to get both suction pipes filled.
For deeper wells, of course, the pump is small enough diameter to just fit down into the well. This setup where the pump is actually submerged below the level of the inlet - called a flooded inlet - there is no suction lift because the water flows into the pump by gravity.
For a tractor-PTO-driven pump, I have seen setups where there is a long driveshaft that extends to the pump unit which is backed down the bank some distance to be closer to the water source. This allows the suction lift to be reduced and greatly improves the performance of the pump on the output side.
- Rick