I think it was only recently London changed their taxi cabs from those ancient relics, kind of like our hanging on to Checker cabs way past their prime.
The old diesels (perkins??) were/are real smokers and stinkers. Look bad, smell bad, mess up the air. And no reason, tech is here to do it cleanly.
But they need to get that fleet of old cabs out, either modern diesels or electric cabs, the latter which make more sense to me in an urban setting.
And for sure you need emission inspections, and until national emissions standards and controls are installed, can't see how the air will get cleaned up.
The question is how far up the weight range do you impose emissions controls? We care about cars, trucks and busses, but maybe not so much a logging truck here or there?
I'd say if you operate your vehicle in an urban area ,it should run cleanly or keep it out of there. That will take a lot of time and money to implement.
Will be interesting to see what China and Mexico do also.
And for sure they should look at their coal burning power plants. Put some better output scrubbers on them. Again, the tech is there, it's all about
who picks up the cost.
I would have thought the EU could do something about this, though with Brexit now, who knows.