Glad you bumped this thread up, which predated me here on TBN, but is right up my alley. I was just felling and skidding logs last Sunday in fact. Here's my routine:
After felling a tree, I attach a logger's tape to the butt end (it has a bent horseshoe nail, called a Bailey's Nail, that you can tap in with a hatchet). I then walk up the log limbing it and cleaning it up (also known as "knot bumping") with the tape pulling out behind me. The tape is attached to my tool belt, or can be clipped to a belt loop on your pants. I'll use my hatchet or the saw and mark off the log every 8 feet, with a few 4 foot sections as well (mainly at the top as the diameter gets smaller). This is because I can skid two 8 foot pieces behind the tractor at a time, plus a few 4 foot sections in the front bucket. I'll then chop any thick limbs into 16" lengths and pack them in the bucket too. That range of sizes maximizes what I can skid out with each trip -- kind of like packing the big spaces, then the small spaces, then the cracks in a moving truck.
I use a max length of 8 feet on my new property because the skidding trail (about 800 feet path through the woods) is tight with some curves. I'd probably go longer if the trail was roomier. Anyhow, the trick for me is to get the logs into some multiple of 16" for final cutting into rounds. With a 16" round, I can get three rows of rounds/splits onto a standard shipping pallet, which is what I use as a base for stacks, and it's an easy way to measure in terms of cords (which are 4'x4'x8') and 1/3-cords.
I tend to fell and skid as much as possible in one day since it maximizes use of my tractor, which I still trailer up to the new property. Once I have a stockpile of logs, I can go up there anytime to cut and split without needing the tractor. Sometimes I'll go up there for a couple hours after work to process firewood (beats any other exercise, since I split by hand, plus it's nice to be out in the woods getting fresh air).
When cutting the rounds into logs, I generally cut about 80% through all the way down the log, then roll the log with a peavey (aka, cant hook) and nip all the cuts through. If I'm cutting on a bed of pine straw and know I won't hit dirt, I might make the cut all at once. I avoid dirt at all costs, since it dulls a chain in an instant.
By the way, if anyone is looking for a good cant hook, which can be invaluable for handling logs, the best source I have found is Peavey Manufacturing up in Maine -- they are the original inventor of the tool back in the 1800s, and still make their products in the US for a very good price. I got one of their 48" hickory-handle cant hooks for about $70 including shipping, which was cheaper and better than the ones I saw locally (Stihl dealer wanted $120!!!). Peavey's website is at:
Peavey Manufacturing Company - Makers of quality logging tools, handles and dowels since 1857
They have a link to download their catalog and price list. Lots of neat tools, and a good old-time US company.
My recent log conquests have been a giant 24" beech that came down in Irene, and a bunch of smaller beeches, maples, gums, and poplars. To get the big beech out, I had to get the logs across a stream bed using an overhead line. I basically strung up my 16,000# 200 ft tree rope across the stream and used a come-along to tension it between two trees on either side of the stream. Then used a snatch block riding upside down on the rope like a trolley, and a hoist hanging from the snatch block to lift the rounds (had to keep them at 4 feet long for easy handling). That was a heck of a project, but it was a lot of good firewood. Beech is among the best you can burn. I got over 1/2 chord out of that one tree.