Looking at the rest of the manual, it is clear that the plug goes into the air cleaner adapter, which is before the throttle body. Small leaks there may let in some unfiltered air, but should not cause surging. My first suspicion would be fuel starvation. Have you replaced the fuel filter?
Yes, I forgot to put in the first post that I replaced the fuel filter (and air filter) early on, right after draining what I thought was the "bad" gas. The reason I ordered a new fuel pump is that it really seems fuel related, and I tried cleaning everything already. Plus, I recall that the pump would "tick tick tick" once the key was put into the ACC position. It still does that, but sounds like it gets quieter after a few seconds, and then eventually stops. I believe there isn't any "smarts" to control whether the fuel pump should turn on/off... It's just always on with the key position since there isn't a fuel pressure "sensor" or similar back to the ECU, etc.
Anyway, hopefully the new fuel pump is the fix. If so, the one good thing that would've come out of all this is finding the chewed plug. That would have done damage for sure over time. Unfortunately, my yard and walkway is torn up from digging the electrical run, and now it's been freezing and snowing, so I'll have to wait for a thaw to get back at it. I have ropes and markers everywhere so no one falls or trips. It's a mess, and my wife is annoyed.
To add some visuals... here's a pic of the trenches (electrical and drainage) just before the snow and freezing weather came. You can see the PT in the background where I was just about to swap out what I hoped was bad gas.