Power steering should indeed have a filter. With the cover off, I'd expect to see a center post and fastener. Remove the fastener, reach into the fluid, lift out the cartridge filter. After you drain, flushing is imperative. I recommend kerosene. Drain as much as you can from reservoir, lines, cylinder - then refill with kero. Drive around and do a few figure 8s, to circulate the kero. Ideally that will clean the relief valve in the pump, which is likely the source of the increased resistance you're feeling. If the reservoir turns dirty again, drain/flush/circulate again with fresh kero.
Front outboard drive housings should each have a (rather small) drain plug near the bottom, facing rearward. Square head I think. The steel is soft, and it's (too) easy to round them off if you don't have a tight fitting wrench. Might be a good idea to soak them in penetrating fluid before even touching them with a wrench.
And the dipstick was my fault. I should have also mentioned earlier that some have two plugs, only one of which may have a dipstick. Nevertheless, the recommendation to top up only until the axle shaft is covered remains valid. Right/left plugs speed up the process of adding thick gear oil. When adding from a single hole, it takes much longer to flow through the center hub and onward to the drive housing on the other side. With two fill holes, you can get fluid flowing both directions at the same time.
//greg//