SIPs are not new, just more well known as people now get more serious about building energy efficiency. The things that cause the biggest attack on plastics and adhesives are: UV light, air (oxidizing), solvents/water and heat. Not many of those are found inside a wall. I'm not worried about the foam or the adhesive breaking down in a few lifetimes, as long as you maintain the integrity of the shell.
This is a key difference between modern energy efficient house and old under/un-insulated leaky houses. In those older houses, leaks were not catastrophic. In modern tight house, leaks can be very damaging or catastrophic. If you build a tight house with SIPs, ICFs, R50 cellulose walls, whatever it will cause big problems if the weather barrier is not maintained or if there are serious installation errors. That is the cost of getting high energy efficiency.
My $0.02