Run a rod down the barrel until it touches the ball. Mark it at the muzzle.
I know you're in Indiana.... (so here comes a someone from Ohio to someone who lives in Indiana joke...)
Maybe in the next decade, tape measures will make it to your state... (now, before you get your panties in a wad, know that I lived in Indianapolis for two years)
Anyway, I've not done it with this second ball, but used both my tape and my drill extension with the thumb marking the spot.
I never mentioned it but that was one thing that I found curious. Let's just say the barrel is 30" long. The (first) ball was let's say, 10" back at its FORWARD most position. When I pushed it back, it was lets call it, 20" back. This left a 10" remainder to get to the ignition hole. (I'm making these numbers up just to stretch my story out a bit longer)
Anyway, I was befuddled about that as it implied a chamber much larger than I expected. Not being an expert on the internal construction of a cannon, I figured it was the 'blast chamber' where the powder goes, has room to ignite and then the pressure from this chamber exits down the barrel, blowing the ball out.
yeah.... or maybe there is simply a 2nd or 3rd ball in there!
So now that I know what I know, I'll be measuring to the ignition hole. Side comment, I'll be VERY surprised if there's another ball in there based on (gut feeling) of where this ball is. However, I've been surprised twice now so going in with open mind.