Yeah they are close, but (for external threads, at least it can be done with a digital caliper (and usually a calculator) - the way I do it is to use the inside (pointy) ends of the caliper - get in front of a light colored background, use as many threads as are available, measure either from peak to peak or trough to trough of the threads, divide that length by the # of threads you measured; it's easier if your caliper allows switching between inch, fraction and mm.
Example - if you're lucky enough to have a full ten threads showing, you can just measure that and divide by 10. If they're metric, you should be done. If inch, obviously you would (in your example) have exactly 9 threads in .500".
I have a slight advantage in this method, I'm so nearsighted I actually have BETTER than 20/20, up to about 9 inches
With your female end, it'll probably easier to look at the male it came off of (if it's even accessible)
Your avatar - I haven't seen the "Lightning-Fast Chicken F'r patch in about 50 years :laughing: (Ft. Devens, 1966-68) ... Steve