Another beekeeper checking in. Honey bees out gathering pollen and nectar rarely sting unless you hit them or threaten them. A different set of honey bees guards the colony, and they will sting to defend it. A honey bee dies when it stings you as its guts are attached to the stinger. Wasps and hornets can sting repeatedly.
Yellow jackets and most bumblebees (which rarely sting) live in the ground. Hornets live in paper nests in trees or buildings. Mud dauber wasps make the tunnels for their larva on trees or buildings.
A good strong honey bee colony has 50-75,000 members and you can open it up barehanded on a hot day and never get a sting. If you ate a banana recently, though, you'll get a bunch cause the banana smell like their danger pheromone - the way they warn each other something's threatening them.
Most people realize honey bees are beneficial. I don't know what darn good a hornet is but I don't kill 'em unless they're after me. Bees are real interesting, but not if you're allergic.
Jim