Leach fields are french drains used in reverse. Like a french drain they stop working when the filter media is is blocked by solids. Leach fields are subject to infiltration from within and without. Many contractors don't build a leach field to resist infiltration from the surrounding soil. The same thing happens with french drains.
To maintain the effectiveness, the trench should be lined with filter fabric, geotextile, which minimizes soil infiltration. The geotextile should completely enclose the filter material surrounding the distribution pipes.
The other thing that has to be taken into consideration is the total amount of water dumped into the system.
It adds up to quite a lot when you think about not only the load from the bathrooms but also the laundry and any other graywater sources.
If someone does lots of laundry loads week after week, they're probably killing the septic system. A garbage disposal shouldn't be used in a household with a septic system. If you have a water softener and clay soil and you're routing the backflush water to the septic system, you're headed for trouble.
If the field is built to resist infiltration from without and the owner is careful not to overload the septic with water, solids and substances that are incompatible with the bacterial process, the leach field should last way beyond twenty years.